砷对植物生长和生理生化的影响与机制综述
Effects and Mechanisms of Arsenic on Plant Growth and Physiological-Biochemical Characteristics: A Review
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摘要: 有色金属开采冶炼、工业排污及农业污水灌溉等导致大量砷(As)进入土壤，土壤砷污染问题日益突出。砷与磷(P)为同主族元素，具有相似的化学性质和化学行为，砷通过植物根系的磷转运蛋白被植物吸收。砷在植物体内竞争取代化合物中的磷，并与巯基结合导致蛋白失活，影响植物生长和正常生理代谢。然而亦有研究发现，一定浓度的砷可影响植物生理生化过程，并对植物生长产生促进作用。本文综述了砷在植物体内的含量与分布，重点阐述砷对植物生物量、营养元素吸收、生长代谢相关生理生化指标(内源激素、光合参数、丙二醛、抗氧化酶、渗透物质)及根际环境和植物促生菌群落的影响与机制，以期为理解砷促进超富集植物生长机制的研究提供理论基础，为挖掘可降低砷毒性和提高砷抗性的方法过程机制提供技术参考。Abstract: The intensive mining activities, industrial sewage discharges and agricultural sewage irrigations lead to large amounts of arsenic (As) entering into soils, inducing increased soil As pollution. Arsenic and phosphorus (P), belonging to the same group, exhibit similar chemical properties and behaviors. Arsenic is taken up by plants via root P transporters. After entering into plants, As competes and replace P in compounds, and binds with sulfhydryl groups causing protein inactivation, affecting plant growth and normal physiological metabolism. However, studies showed that As at specific levels affected plant physiological processes and plant growth. Therefore, this paper reviews the differences of As content and distribution in plants, illustrates the effects and mechanisms of As on plant biomass, nutrient uptake, growth or metabolism-related physiological and biochemical indexes (endogenous hormones, photosynthesis parameter, malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes, and osmotic substances), and rhizosphere properties and microbial community of plant growth promotion bacteria. The information helps to better understand the mechanisms for As-promoted plant growth in hyperaccumulators, and provides theoretical supports to develop strategies to improve plants As detoxicity and resistant ability.
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Key words:
- arsenic /
- biomass /
- nutrient uptake /
- physiological-biochemical characteristics /
- mechanism
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