冬季新鲜果蔬中细菌分布特征及致病菌耐药性研究
Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in Winter
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摘要: 抗生素在医疗卫生、畜牧养殖等领域发挥巨大作用的同时，其引发的细菌耐药性问题也受到社会各界的广泛关注。目前，食品安全问题日益突出，细菌感染性疾病逐渐增加，针对食品中细菌的分布特征及其对抗生素耐药性状况的研究显得尤为重要。基于微生物培养与抗生素敏感性实验研究了在华北地区冬季购买的6种新鲜果蔬中细菌的分布特征及其对抗生素的耐药性情况。结果表明，6种新鲜果蔬中共鉴定出131株细菌，其中检出益生菌15株，检出率为11.5%，检出条件致病菌80株，检出率为61.1%。检出条件致病菌类型主要包括蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）和恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）等。药敏实验分析表明，检出的条件致病菌对庆大霉素和环丙沙星均敏感，对磺胺甲恶唑和氨苄青霉素表现出高度耐药。本文揭示了新鲜果蔬中抗生素耐药菌的流行情况及肠道菌群中抗生素耐药菌的可能来源，有助于为后续耐药菌的防治及正确评估人体健康风险提供理论依据。Abstract: Antibiotics has brought great convenience to various fields, including medicine and animal husbandry. However, problems caused by its bacterial resistance has attracted wide attentions from every social community. Currently, food safety problems are increasingly prominent, and bacterial infectious diseases are gradually increasing. It is particularly important to study the distribution characteristics of bacteria in food and their resistance to antibiotics. Based on microbial culture enumeration and antibiotic susceptibility test, we detect the prevalence of bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics in 6 kinds of fresh fruits and vegetables collected in winter in North China. The results showed that a total of 131 strains of bacteria were detected. 15 strains of probiotics were detected, and the detection rate was 11.5%. 80 strains of opportunistic pathogens were detected, with a detection rate of 61.1%. The main types of opportunistic pathogen detected mainly include Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, etc. The antibiotic susceptibility test analysis showed that the opportunistic pathogens were sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, and displayed high resistance to sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. This study revealed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in fresh fruits and vegetables, and the possible sources of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the gut microbiota, which provides theoretical basis for the subsequent prevention and control of antibiotic resistance bacteria and the correct assessment of human health risks.
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