进化毒理学：生态毒理学研究的新视角
Evolutionary Toxicology: New Perspective of Ecotoxicology
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摘要: 环境污染是驱动生物适应性进化的重要因素之一。近年来，随着分子生物学的迅猛发展和进化生物学理论的逐步更新，进化毒理学(evolutionary toxicology)这一交叉学科快速发展。进化毒理学研究是运用分子生物学和种群遗传学的方法，以进化生物学和保护遗传学的理论和概念为基础，试图描述生物体适应环境的机制、原则以及环境污染对生物体适应过程的影响与作用。本文回顾了进化毒理学的理论发展，归纳总结了进化毒理学的研究范畴和主要研究内容，并对进化毒理学在未来生态风险评估中的应用、进化毒理学的研究方向以及相关理论进行了展望。本文旨在对进化毒理学这一新兴交叉学科进行梳理和简介，为丰富生态毒理学研究提供理论支持，同时也为解决日益加剧的环境污染问题提供新的研究思路与途径。Abstract: Environmental pollution has become one of the significant driving factors behind the evolution of diverse organisms. With the advance in molecular biology and the theory of evolutionary biology, a new interdiscipline called evolutionary toxicology is growing. Based on the theory of evolutionary biology and conservation genetics, evolutionary toxicology aims to investigate how the polluted environment affects organisms and how the organisms adapt to the polluted environment. Research in evolutionary toxicology uses experimental design familiar to the ecotoxicologist with matched reference and contaminated sites and selection of sentinel species. Here, we reviewed the theorical development of evolutionary toxicology and summarized the scope and field of evolutionary toxicology research. Additionally, the prospects of evolutionary toxicology are presented, which include the application of evolutionary toxicology in ecological risk assessment, the research of evolutionary toxicology under the omics era, and evo-evolutionary dynamics in toxicology. It is anticipated that the review and introduction of this emerging interdisciplinary subject could provide theoretical support and insights into the study of ecotoxicology and management of serious environmental problems.
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