空气微塑料的分布特征、暴露评估及毒性效应
Distribution Characteristics, Exposure Assessment and Toxic Effects of Airborne Microplastics
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摘要: 微塑料现普遍被定义为环境中尺寸<5 mm的塑料颗粒，是一种广泛存在于人们生活环境和自然环境中的新型污染物。研究人员在空气、水体和土壤等各种自然环境介质以及鱼虾、贻贝类、家禽甚至人体肺组织、人体粪便等多种生物样本中均已发现微塑料的存在。由于尺寸微小，空气微塑料可通过呼吸过程被机体吸入并沉积在体内。本文综述了现阶段空气微塑料的来源、分布特征、暴露评估及其毒性效应等最新研究进展，分析了室内外以及城乡地区空气微塑料的丰度、形状、粒径分布及组分类型等分布特征，并对微塑料吸入毒性效应及其复合毒性效应进行综述和分析，同时展望今后研究中需完善和规范空气微塑料的检测分析方法、进一步研究和揭示空气微塑料人体暴露特征及其健康风险等。Abstract: Microplastics are generally defined as plastic particles with a size of <5 mm in the environment. It is a new pollutant which widely exist in our living environment and natural environment. Researchers have found the existence of microplastics in various natural environmental media such as air, water, soil, fish and shrimp, mussels, poultry, human lung tissue, human feces and other biological samples. Due to their small size, airborne microplastics can be inhaled and deposited in the body through the process of breathing. We reviewed the latest research progress on the sources, distribution characteristics, exposure assessment and toxic effects of airborne microplastics at this stage, summarizes and analyzes the inhalation toxic effects of microplastics and their composite toxic effects. It is expected to improve and standardize the detection and analysis methods of air microplastics in the future research, to reveal the human exposure characteristics and health risks of air microplastics.
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